Schistosomiasis is due to immunologic reactions to Schistosoma eggs trapped in tissues. Antigens released from the egg stimulate a granulomatous reaction involving T cells, macrophages, and eosinophils that results in clinical disease (see the image below).

What are the complication of schistosomiasis?

Some of the major complications are high blood pressure (hypertension), seizures, bacterial infections, urinary obstruction, organ damage or destruction, and death.

What is the importance of the prevalence of schistosomiasis?

Schistosomiasis is an important cause of disease in many parts of the world, most commonly in places with poor sanitation. School-age children who live in these areas are often most at risk because they tend to spend time swimming or bathing in water containing infectious cercariae.

What is the causative agent of schistosomiasis?

Causal Agents Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis) is caused by some species of blood trematodes (flukes) in the genus Schistosoma. The three main species infecting humans are Schistosoma haematobium, S. japonicum, and S. mansoni.

What is a complication of infection with Schistosoma Haematobium?

Egg retention and granuloma formation in the urinary tract (S haematobium) can lead to hematuria, dysuria, bladder polyps and ulcers, and even obstructive uropathies. S haematobium infection is also associated with an increased rate of bladder cancer, usually squamous cell rather than transitional cell.

What is the global prevalence of schistosomiasis?

The global prevalence of schistosomiasis is relatively high especially in developing countries. Recent estimates indicate that 779 million people are at the risk of infection, and 85% of them are in Africa.

What are the current prevalence of schistosomiasis in Nigeria?

Nigeria has the greatest number of cases of schistosomiasis worldwide 3 , with about 29 million infected people, among which 16 million are children, and about 101 million people are at risk of schistosomiasis 2 , 6 , 10 , 11 .

What is the epidemiology of schistosomiasis?

Epidemiology. Schistosomiasis is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, especially in poor communities without access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. It is estimated that at least 90% of those requiring treatment for schistosomiasis live in Africa.

What is the vector of schistosomiasis?

Schistosomiasis (also known as bilharzia) is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by trematode flatworms of the genus Schistosoma. Freshwater snails act as the vector, releasing larval forms of the parasite into water.

What is schistosomiasis (bilharzia)?

Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a disease caused by parasitic worms. Although the worms that cause schistosomiasis are not found in the United States, more than 200 million people are infected worldwide. In terms of impact this disease is second only to malaria as the most devastating parasitic disease.

Is schistosomiasis still a thing?

CDC twenty four seven. Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a disease caused by parasitic worms. Although the worms that cause schistosomiasis are not found in the United States, people are infected worldwide. In terms of impact this disease is second only to malaria as the most devastating parasitic disease.

What is the history of schistosomiasis in Egypt?

Schistosomiasis is endemic in Egypt, exacerbated by the country’s dam and irrigation projects along the Nile. From the late 1950s through the early 1980s, infected villagers were treated with repeated injections of tartar emetic.

Is schistosomiasis a neglected tropical disease?

In terms of impact this disease is second only to malaria as the most devastating parasitic disease. Schistosomiasis is considered one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) .The parasites that cause schistosomiasis live in certain types of freshwater snails.